ITU-R P.452-14

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Especially in these transitional regions, a given level of signal may occur for a total time percentage which is the sum of those in different mechanisms. It should be noted that many iterations of the scatter transfer function are generally necessary in order to achieve the required precision, especially in cases where antenna gains are high and the product of the antenna gains can vary across the diameter of the rain cell by 60 dB or more.

The clutter losses are designated as Aht dB and Ahr dB for the interferer and interfered-with stations respectively. One for the base station and the other for the mobile station. However, since gaseous attenuation is generally a minor component in the overall transmission loss, and its variability is small, when compared with the uncertainties in other parameters such as rainfall rates, rain heights, and the geometry of the rain cell itself, this simplification is considered justifiable.

ITU-R P.452-14 - The correction applies to all clear-air predictions in this Recommendation, i. Polynomial extrapolation is then used to extrapolate the sequence to a zero-length interval.

Note 1 The reference radiation patterns given in the Annexes apply for all beam positions. Note 2 In addition to antennas of type iiiit may be appropriate to use the measurement principle of Annex 5 for other antennas which have a non-symmetric c1336 pattern either intrinsically or due to the effect of a ground plane. Note 3 For vehicle-mounted antennas, the proximity f1336 the vehicle acts as a ground plane and may have a significant effect on the radiation pattern of the antenna. Note 4 Antennas for handheld terminals are expected to have nearly omnidirectional patterns which provide very little angular discrimination and are f1336 specified in this Recommendation. Note 5 Other antenna types than the four described above may be developed for mobile earth station use; administrations are requested to supply information as it becomes available. G is the rec gain relative to an isotropic antenna. It has been suggested that itur- width constant of 0. These antennas have a pattern which is, at best, symmetric across a vertical itu-rr and which is not adequately itu-r by measurements along the two principal planes. Side lobes of a level sufficient to cause interference may not necessarily occur along the principal planes. One such method is to measure along a series of conical cuts, that is, through 360 in azimuth at a constant elevation with respect to a horizontal plane for example, the vehicle roofas shown in Fig. These conical cut measurements should be made at a sufficient number of elevation angles to reasonably sample the itu-r of the antenna. Alternatively, a series rec elevation cuts through zenith at various azimuth angles could be used to characterize the pattern. A complete set of such measurements should be made for each different configuration e. Because the ground plane effect of the vehicle structure has a significant effect on the antenna pattern, an appropriate ground plane should be used when measuring the antenna.

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The precise calculation of the interference level of course, requires more accurate information on the antenna diagram. The path length to be used is d — dk km. However, except for a few special cases involving sensitive earth stations or very high power interferers e. The path profile therefore consists of n + 1 points. For planes away from the horizontal significant sensitivity variations are displayed.